Plasma
Adult patient:
Heparin gel tube
Minimum blood volume: 5 mL
Plain bottle
Minimum volume: 10 mL
24 Hr urine:
U2 bottle
Plain bottle
Minimum volume: 10 mL
Paediatric patient:
Paediatric heparin tube
Number of vials: 1
Minimum blood volume: 1.3 mL
Yes
(Call extension: 3353 for express result)
Plasma:
| Female: | 0.72 - 1.43 mmol/L |
| Male: | 0.72 - 1.39 mmol/L |
(Source: from local population study in 2008)
Urine:
12.9 - 44.0 mmol/day
(Source: Robert WL et al. Reference Information for the Clinical Laboratory. In Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, 4th Edn. Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, Bruns DE eds. Elsevier Saunders 2006; 2251 - 2318)
Plasma phosphate:
Assessment of patients with renal failure, metabolic bone disease, hyper- and hypo-parathyroidism
Urine phosphate:
Only occasionally indicated to identify phosphaturia in hypophosphataemic states.
Plasma phosphate:
Increased phosphate levels are found in response to low parathyroid hormone levels (e.g. hypoparathyroidism, hypercalcaemia due to malignancy and other non-parathyroid causes) and in renal failure.
Decreased levels of phosphate are usually found in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, in some cases of hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, in renal tubular disorders and in patients using magnesium and aluminium containing antacids.
Levels may be decreased during prolonged intravenous therapy if phosphate supplementation is inadequate. Phosphate levels may also be decreased following a carbohydrate-rich meal, due to cellular uptake of phosphate.
Numerous other conditions can affect serum phosphate levels.
Urine phosphate:
Depends on diet.
Urinary phosphate varies with age, muscle mass, renal junction, PTH, time of day, and other factors.
Urinary excretion varies with diet and is essentially equivalent to dietary intake.
High PTH levels and renal tubular disorders will result in relatively increased phosphate excretion.